4. Interpreting spirometry

These are the Learning objectives for the fourth module of this course - Interpreting Spirometry:

4.1 Interpreting and grading the spirometry test result

• Check the acceptability of the spirograms and their repeatability, and suggest the pattern for its layout.
  
• Master the art of interpreting spirometry results by analysing flow-volume loops and volume-time curves, uncovering their intricacies.
• Describe and use a step-by-step approach and an interpretation algorithm to interpret the result as either a normal or an obstructive, restrictive or mixed impairment.
• Assess the severity of airway obstruction, monitor disease progression, and predict the prognosis of the disease.
• List the three levels of abnormality grading and proficiently assess an abnormal test result against the grading table, utilising both FEV1 percentage of predicted values and Z-scores.
• Assess longitudinal change by comparing the test result to previous tests on record, taking into account the various biological and external factors that can confuse this assessment. Describe pitfalls in assessing the change in test results over time. 
• Explain when to refer the patient for further evaluation.

4.2 Recording, reporting and keeping spirometry records

• Explain the requirements for reporting and recording the spirometry test result and record keeping of spirometry results correctly.
  
• Know when to refer the patient for further evaluation as documented in the standard operating procedure.